Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Sensory innervation in porous endplates by Netrin-1 from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13476-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Quantitative analysis of the expression of PGE synthetase (PGES), cox-2, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-2, and TNF-α in lumbar endplates at 4 weeks after LSI determined by qRT-PCR. b Representative images of Immunohistochemical analysis of Cox-2 (brown; top) or PGE2 (brown; bottom) in the caudal endplates of L4/5 at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI or sham surgery. Scale bars, 50 μm. c ELISA analysis of PGE2 concentration in the lysate of lumbar endplates at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after LSI surgery. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the sham surgery mice. n = 3 ( a , c ). d Representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of CGRP (red), EP4 (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in the caudal endplates of L4/5 at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI surgery. Scale bars, 50 μm. e Representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of CGRP (red), EP4 (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in the L2 DRGs at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI surgery. Scale bars, 100 μm. f Quantitative analysis of percentage of CGRP + EP4 + cells to CGRP + cells in the L2 DRGs at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI surgery. g Representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of CGRP (red), Na v 1.8 (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in the caudal endplates of L4/5 at 4 weeks after LSI surgery. Scale bars, 50 μm. h Representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of CGRP (red), Na v 1.8 (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in the L2 DRGs at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI surgery. Scale bars, 100 μm. i Quantitative analysis of percentage of CGRP + Na v 1.8 + cells to CGRP + cells in the L2 DRGs at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI surgery. ** p < 0.01 compared with the sham surgery mice at the corresponding time points. n = 6 per group ( f , i ). Statistical significance was determined by multifactorial ANOVA, and all data are shown as means ± standard deviations. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE2 and netrin-1 in the L3–L5 endplates were determined by using the PGE2 Parameter Assay Kit (KGE004B, R&D Systems) and Mouse Netrin-1 ELISA Kit (EKC37454, Biomatik, Wilmington, DE) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (three per group), respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunohistochemical staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Concentration Assay, Staining

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Sensory innervation in porous endplates by Netrin-1 from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13476-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Representative images of sodium indicator (green) analysis pre- and post-PGE2 (20 μM) stimulation for 5 min in primary DRG neurons from EP4 f/f or EP4 −/− mice, indicating sodium influx. Scale bar, 100 μm. Magnification, scale bar, 20 μm. b , c Quantitative analysis of the fluorescent density distribution of the 1st ( b ) and 2nd ( c ) column in ( a ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the corresponding pre-treatment group. n = 3 per group. d Western blots of the phosphorylation of PKA and CREB in primary DRG neurons treated with PGE2 (20 μM) for 30 min and PKA inhibitor (H-89, 10 μM) for 60 min. e Quantitative analysis of ( d ). ** p < 0.01 compared with the negative control group from EP4 f/f mice. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 compared with only PGE2 treatment group from EP4 f/f mice n = 3 per group. f First to third row, representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of PKA (red), p-PKA (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei; 4th to 6th row, representative images of immunofluorescent analysis of CREB (red), p-CREB (green) staining, and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei pre- and post-PGE2 (20 μM) stimulation combined with H-89 (10 μM) in primary DRG neurons from EP4 f/f or EP4 −/− mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. g Representative images of sodium indicator (green) analysis pre- and post-PGE2 (20 μM) stimulation combined with cAMP, PKA inhibitor (H-89), or siRNA for Na v 1.8 (si-Na v 1.8) in primary DRG neurons from EP4 f/f or EP4 −/− mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. Magnification, scale bar, 20 μm. h – k Quantitative analysis of the fluorescent density distribution of the 1st ( h ), 2nd ( i ), 3rd ( j ), 4th ( k ) column in ( g ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the corresponding pre-treatment group. n = 3 per group. Statistical significance was determined by multifactorial ANOVA, and all data are shown as means ± standard deviations. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE2 and netrin-1 in the L3–L5 endplates were determined by using the PGE2 Parameter Assay Kit (KGE004B, R&D Systems) and Mouse Netrin-1 ELISA Kit (EKC37454, Biomatik, Wilmington, DE) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (three per group), respectively.

Techniques: Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Negative Control, Staining

Journal: Anatomy Journal of Africa

Article Title: The histochemical and biochemical effects of coconutmilk in Wistar rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcer

doi: 10.4314/aja.v8i2.188223

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6: Prostaglandin E2 Concentration in the stomach of coconut milk-treated rats following ethanol- induced gastric ulcer. Each bar represents Mean ± S.E.M. in each group. a, b, bc, c within column signifies that means with different letters differs significantly at p < 0.001 while means with the same letters does not differ significantly at p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: After the stomach has been harvested, opened along the greater curvature and washed in normal saline, it was placed on ice and the mucosa was gently scraped into a specimen bottle and kept in a freezer at -20°C.Nitric oxide levels in the gastric mucosa were measured as total nitrite and nitrate level with the use of Greiss reagent by the method of Moshage and coworkers (Moshage et al., 1995).Tissue concentration of Prostaglandin E2 was determined by using prostaglandin E2 ELISA Assay kit (Elabscience laboratory, China).

Techniques: Concentration Assay